%0 Journal Article %J Journal of Sleep Research %D 2019 %T Stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep and its association with body mass index in middle-aged workers %A Vigoureux, Taylor F. D. %A Lee, Soomi %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %K Body Mass Index %K daily diary %K insufficient sleep %K reactivity %K STRESS %K workers %X Summary There is evidence that insufficient sleep and more stressors are individually associated with poor metabolic health outcomes. Examining sleep and stressors jointly may account for greater variability in health outcomes; however, we know little about the combined effect of both insufficient sleep and more stressors on metabolic health. This study examined whether experiencing more stressors in response to insufficient sleep (“stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep”) was associated with body mass index in middle-aged workers. One-hundred and twenty-seven participants (Mage = 45.24 ± 6.22 years) reported nightly sleep characteristics and daily stressors on 8 consecutive days. We collected height and weight measurements to calculate body mass index (kg m−2). On average, workers reported more stressors following nights with shorter-than-usual sleep duration or poorer-than-usual sleep quality (negative slope means higher stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep). When examining stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep with insufficient sleep represented by shorter-than-usual sleep duration, compared with those with average stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (within ±½ SD; reference), workers with high stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (≤−½ SD) had higher body mass index (B = 3.24, p < .05). The body mass index of these workers fell in the obese range. There was no difference in body mass index between workers with low stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep (≥+½ SD) and the reference group. When examining stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep with insufficient sleep represented by poorer-than-usual sleep quality, stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep was not significantly associated with body mass index. Results suggest that middle-aged workers with higher stressor reactivity to insufficient sleep duration may be at greater risk for obesity. Results may inform future studies on interventions for improving sleep and reducing stress in middle-aged workers. %B Journal of Sleep Research %V n/a %P e12955 %G eng %U https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jsr.12955 %N n/a %R 10.1111/jsr.12955 %0 Journal Article %J Innovation in Aging %D 2019 %T PSYCHOCOGNITIVE REACTIVITY TO INSUFFICIENT SLEEP AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH BODY MASS %A Drury, Taylor %A Lee, Soomi %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %X Individuals tend to report more stressors on days after nights with fewer hours of sleep. There may be individual differences such that this negative sleep duration—stressor perception relationship is stronger for some than others, which may have implications for health outcomes. However, we know little about whether differences in stressor perception in response to insufficient sleep (“psychocognitive reactivity to insufficient sleep”) are associated with health outcomes such as body weight. This study examined whether psychocognitive reactivity to insufficient sleep were associated with body mass index (BMI) in midlife workers. We used a sample of 127 office workers (Mage=45.2±6.2) who participated in a daily diary study for 8 consecutive days as part of the Work, Family, and Health Study. 
      Multilevel models tested whether daily number of stressors was predicted by previous 
      nights’ sleep. We outputted within-person slopes of stressors regressed on sleep duration to predict BMI (kg/m2). Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and mean stressors across days. On average, workers reported more stressors following nights with shorter sleep duration than usual (negative slope means higher reactivity). Compared to those with average reactivity (within ±½SD; reference), workers with higher reactivity (≤-½SD) had higher BMI (p<.05). The BMI of these workers fell in the obese range. This study is one of the first to report that middle-aged workers with higher psychocognitive reactivity to insufficient sleep may be at greater risk for obesity. Future interventions should focus on improving middle-aged workers’ sleep health to reduce next-day stressors and thereby improve their body weight. %B Innovation in Aging %V 3 %P S640–S641 %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6846514/ %N Suppl 1 %0 Journal Article %J Sleep Health %D 2019 %T Bidirectional associations of sleep with cognitive interference in employees' work days %A Lee, Soomi %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Andel, Ross %A Almeida, David M %X OBJECTIVES: Studies have reported bidirectional associations of sleep with daily stressors and negative mood. Yet we know little about how sleep is associated with workers' daily cognitive interference, or the experience of off-task and distracting thoughts. This study examined whether nightly sleep was associated with next-day cognitive interference, and vice versa, during workdays and non-work days. DESIGN: Daily telephone interviews. SETTING: US information technology workplaces. PARTICIPANTS: 130 middle-aged employees. MEASUREMENTS: On 8 consecutive days, participants reported the frequency of experiencing off-task and distracting thoughts during the day (0 = never to 4 = very often) and multiple sleep characteristics (bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep latency). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and work hours. RESULTS: Multilevel models revealed that, on days following earlier wake times (B = -0.32, P < .01), shorter sleep duration (B = -0.27, P < .01), or poorer sleep quality (B = -0.17, P < .01), participants reported more cognitive interference than usual. That is, waking 19 minutes earlier and sleeping 16 minutes less were associated with one additional point on the cognitive interference scale the next day. With cognitive interference predicting nightly sleep, more same day's cognitive interference was associated with earlier bedtimes (B = -0.19, P < .05) and earlier wake times (B = -0.30, P < .01) than usual. The temporal associations of nightly sleep duration and sleep quality with the following day's cognitive interference were significant on work days, but not on non-work days. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest bidirectional associations between poorer sleep and more cognitive interference, particularly on work days with implications for workday productivity and quality of life. %B Sleep Health %8 2019 Mar 21 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30905693?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.01.007 %0 Journal Article %J Social Science Research %D 2019 %T What's not fair about work keeps me up: Perceived unfairness about work impairs sleep through negative work-to-family spillover %A Lee, Soomi %A Mogle, Jacqueline A %A Jackson, Chandra L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %K Insomnia symptoms %K Midlife in the United States study %K Perceived unfairness about work %K Sleep %K Work-family spillover %X This study examined whether perceived unfairness about work was linked to midlife workers' insomnia symptoms over time, and if the association was mediated by negative work-to-family spillover (NWFS). We used 3 waves of longitudinal data across 20 years from the Midlife in the United States Study (N = 971, Mage = 40.52). Results revealed that, wave-to-wave increases in perceived unfairness about work predicted wave-to-wave increases in NWFS over 20 years. Wave-to-wave increases in NWFS, in turn, predicted wave-to-wave increases in insomnia symptoms. Perceived unfairness about work was indirectly, but not directly associated with insomnia symptoms through NWFS. These within-person indirect mediation pathways were found after controlling for sociodemographic and family characteristics, work hours, neuroticism, physical health, and between-person associations between perceived unfairness about work, NWFS, and insomnia symptoms. These findings suggest that perceived unfairness about work may degrade workers’ sleep health over time, through the spillover of work stress to the personal domain. %B Social Science Research %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049089X18302527 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2019.03.002 %0 Journal Article %J The Gerontologist %D 2019 %T Tonight’s Sleep Predicts Tomorrow’s Fatigue: A Daily Diary Study of Long-Term Care Employees With Nonwork Caregiving Roles %A DePasquale, Nicole %A Crain, Tori L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Zarit, Steven H. %A Almeida, David M %B The Gerontologist %P gny176 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny176 %R 10.1093/geront/gny176 %0 Journal Article %J J Occup Health Psychol %D 2019 %T Caring for the Elderly at Work and Home: Can a Randomized Organizational Intervention Improve Psychological Health? %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Thompson, Rebecca A %A Lawson, Katie M %A Bodner, Todd %A Perrigino, Matthew B %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %A Moen, Phyllis %A Hurtado, David A %A Wipfli, Brad %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Bray, Jeremy W %X Although job stress models suggest that changing the work social environment to increase job resources improves psychological health, many intervention studies have weak designs and overlook influences of family caregiving demands. We tested the effects of an organizational intervention designed to increase supervisor social support for work and nonwork roles, and job control in a results-oriented work environment on the stress and psychological distress of health care employees who care for the elderly, while simultaneously considering their own family caregiving responsibilities. Using a group-randomized organizational field trial with an intent-to-treat design, 420 caregivers in 15 intervention extended-care nursing facilities were compared with 511 caregivers in 15 control facilities at 4 measurement times: preintervention and 6, 12, and 18 months. There were no main intervention effects showing improvements in stress and psychological distress when comparing intervention with control sites. Moderation analyses indicate that the intervention was more effective in reducing stress and psychological distress for caregivers who were also caring for other family members off the job (those with elders and those "sandwiched" with both child and elder caregiving responsibilities) compared with employees without caregiving demands. These findings extend previous studies by showing that the effect of organizational interventions designed to increase job resources to improve psychological health varies according to differences in nonwork caregiving demands. This research suggests that caregivers, especially those with "double-duty" elder caregiving at home and work and "triple-duty" responsibilities, including child care, may benefit from interventions designed to increase work-nonwork social support and job control. (PsycINFO Database Record %B J Occup Health Psychol %8 2017 Dec 07 %G eng %U https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29215909 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29215909?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1037/ocp0000104 %0 Journal Article %J Nordic Journal of Health Economics %D 2018 %T Investigating the Negative Relationship between Wages and Obesity: New Evidence from the Work, Family, and Health Network %A Trombley, Mathew %A Bray, Jeremy W %A Hinde, Jesse M %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Johnson, Ryan C %X A substantial literature has established that obesity is negatively associated with wages, particularly among females.  However, prior research has found limited evidence for the factors hypothesized to underlie the obesity wage penalty.  We add to the literature using data from IT workers at a U.S. Fortune 500 firm that provides us with direct measures of employee income and BMI, and health measures that are unavailable in national-level datasets.  Our estimates indicate that the wage-obesity penalty among females only occurs among obese mothers, and is not attributable to differences in health or human capital that may be caused by having children. %B Nordic Journal of Health Economics %G eng %U https://www.journals.uio.no/index.php/NJHE/article/view/4720/5567 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of occupational health psychology %D 2018 %T Sustaining sleep: Results from the randomized controlled work, family, and health study %A Crain, Tori L %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Bodner, Todd %A Olson, Ryan %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Moen, Phyllis %A Buxton, Orfeu M %B Journal of occupational health psychology %8 May %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000122 %R 10.1037/ocp0000122 %0 Journal Article %J J Clin Sleep Med %D 2018 %T Sleep health and predicted cardiometabolic risk scores in employed adults from two industries %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Lee Soomi %A Marino Miguel %A Beverly, Chloe %A Almeida, David M %A Berkman, Lisa F %X

Study Objectives: Sleep disorders and sleep deficiency can increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. Less is known about whether multiple positive attributes of sleep health known as the SATED (satisfaction, alertness, timing, efficiency, and duration) model, can decrease future cardiovascular disease risks. We examined whether and how a variety of indicators of sleep health predicted 10-year estimated cardiometabolic risk scores (CRS) among employed adults.

Methods: Workers in two industries—extended care (n = 1,275) and information technology (IT; n = 577)—reported on habitual sleep apnea symptoms and sleep sufficiency, and provided 1 week of actigraphy data including nighttime sleep duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep timing, and daytime napping. Workers also provided biomarkers to calculate future cardiometabolic risk.

Results: More sleep apnea symptoms predicted higher CRS in both industries. More sleep sufficiency, less WASO, and less daytime napping (having no naps, fewer naps, and shorter nap duration) were also linked to lower CRS, but only in the extended care workers. There was no effect of sleep duration in both industries. In the IT employee sample, shorter sleep duration (≤ 6 hours versus 6–8 hours) and more naps strengthened the link between sleep apnea and CRS.

Conclusions: Sleep health, measured by both subjective and objective methods, was associated with lower cardiometabolic disease risks among extended care workers (lower to middle wage workers). Sleep apnea was an important predictor of CRS; for the IT workers, the link between sleep apnea and CRS was exacerbated when they had poorer sleep health behaviors.

%B J Clin Sleep Med %V 14 %P 371–383 %G eng %U http://jcsm.aasm.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=31208 %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Community, Work & Family %D 2018 %T The effects of a workplace intervention on employees’ cortisol awakening response %A Almeida, David M %A Lee, Soomi %A Walter, Kimberly N %A Lawson, Katie M %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X ABSTRACTWork-related stressors are known to adversely affect employees’ stress physiology, including the cortisol awakening response (CAR) – or the spike in cortisol levels shortly after people wake up that aids in mobilizing energy. A flat or blunted CAR has been linked to chronic stress and burnout. This daily diary study tested the effects of a workplace intervention on employed parents’ CAR. Specifically, we tested whether the effects of the intervention on CAR were moderated by the type of days (workday versus non-work day). Data came from 94 employed parents from an information technology firm who participated in the baseline and 12-month diurnal cortisol components of the Work, Family, and Health Study, a group-randomized field experiment. The workplace intervention was designed to reduce work-family conflict (WFC) and implemented after the baseline data collection. Diurnal salivary cortisol was collected on 4 days at both baseline and 12 months. Multilevel modeling revealed that the intervention significantly increased employees’ CAR at 12 months on non-workdays, but this was not evident on workdays or for employees in the usual practice condition. The results provide evidence that the intervention was effective in enhancing employees’ biological stress physiology particularly during opportunities for recovery that are more likely to occur on non-work days. %B Community, Work & Family %I Routledge %V 21 %P 151-167 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1428172 %N 2 %R 10.1080/13668803.2018.1428172 %0 Journal Article %J Community, Work & Family %D 2018 %T Cardiometabolic risks associated with work-to-family conflict: findings from the Work Family Health Network %A O'Donnell, Emily M %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Kelly, Erin L %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Jessica Marden %A Buxton, Orfeu M %B Community, Work & Family %I Routledge %P 1-26 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2018.1440193 %R 10.1080/13668803.2018.1440193 %0 Journal Article %J The Gerontologist %D 2018 %T Unpaid Caregiving Roles and Sleep Among Women Working in Nursing Homes: A Longitudinal Study %A DePasquale, Nicole %A Sliwinski, Martin J %A Zarit, Steven H. %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %B The Gerontologist %P gnx185 %G eng %U + http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx185 %R 10.1093/geront/gnx185 %0 Journal Article %J Community, Work & Family %D 2017 %T Perceived time adequacy improves daily well-being: day-to-day linkages and the effects of a workplace intervention %A Lee, Soomi %A McHale, Susan M %A Crouter, Ann C %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %X ABSTRACTWorkplace interventions may change how employed parents experience family and personal time. This study examined the day-to-day linkages between time resources (assessed by time use and perceived time adequacy for parenting, partner, and personal roles) and daily well-being and tested whether a workplace intervention enhanced the linkages. Participants were employed, partnered parents in the information technology division of a large US firm and who provided eight-day diary data at two times (N = 90). Multilevel modeling revealed that, on days when parents perceived lower time adequacy than usual for the three roles, they reported less positive affect, more negative affect, and more physical symptoms, independent of time spent in the roles. Moreover, a workplace intervention designed to give employees more temporal flexibility and support for family responsibilities increased daily time spent with the focal child and increased perceived time adequacy for exercise. The intervention also decreased negative affect and physical symptoms for parents who spent more time with child and partner than the sample average. Our results highlight the importance of perceived time adequacy in daily well-being and suggest that workplace support can enhance perceived time adequacy for self and the experience of family time. %B Community, Work & Family %I Routledge %V 20 %P 500-522 %G eng %U https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2017.1365691 %N 5 %R 10.1080/13668803.2017.1365691 %0 Journal Article %J International Journal of Health Policy and Management %D 2017 %T Psychosocial Workplace Factors and Healthcare Utilization: A Study of Two Employers %A Williams, Jessica A %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Hinde, Jesse M %A Bray, Jeremy W %A Berkman, Lisa F %X Background While a large literature links psychosocial workplace factors with health and health behaviors, there is very little work connecting psychosocial workplace factors to healthcare utilization.   Methods Survey data were collected from two different employers using computer-assisted telephone interviewing as a part of the Work-Family Health Network (2008-2013): one in the information technology (IT) service industry and one that is responsible for a network of long-term care (LTC) facilities. Participants were surveyed four times at six month intervals. Responses in each wave were used to predict utilization in the following wave. Four utilization measures were outcomes: having at least one emergency room (ER)/Urgent care, having at least one other healthcare visit, number of ER/urgent care visits, and number of other healthcare visits. Population-averaged models using all four waves controlled for health and other factors associated with utilization.   Results Having above median job demands was positively related to the odds of at least one healthcare visit, odds ratio [OR] 1.37 (P < .01), and the number of healthcare visits, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.36 (P < .05), in the LTC sample. Work-to-family conflict was positively associated with the odds of at least one ER/urgent care visit in the LTC sample, OR 1.15 (P < .05), at least one healthcare visit in the IT sample, OR 1.35 (P < .01), and with more visits in the IT sample, IRR 1.35 (P < .01). Greater schedule control was associated with reductions in the number of ER/urgent care visits, IRR 0.71 (P < .05), in the IT sample.   Conclusion Controlling for other factors, some psychosocial workplace factors were associated with future healthcare utilization. Additional research is needed. %B International Journal of Health Policy and Management %P – %G eng %U http://www.ijhpm.com/article_3442.html %0 Journal Article %J Sleep Health %D 2017 %T Covariation in couples' nightly sleep and gender differences %A Lee, Soomi %A Martire, Lynn M %A Damaske, Sarah A %A Mogle, Jacqueline A %A Ruixue Zhaoyang %A Almeida, David M %A Buxton, Orfeu M %K Sleep quality %X AbstractObjectives For most partnered adults, sleep is not an individual-level behavior―it is a shared health behavior with a partner. This study examined whether perceived nightly sleep duration and sleep quality covaried within couples and whether the unique influence of partner sleep on individual sleep differed by gender. Design Eight consecutive days of diary data. Participants \US\ hotel employees and their spouses/partners (N = 76 from 38 couples, 600 daily observations). Measurements Each day, couples separately reported their previous night's sleep duration (in hours) and sleep quality (1 = very unsatisfactory to 5 = very satisfactory). Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic, family, work, and day-level characteristics. Results Dyadic multilevel modeling revealed positive covariation in nightly sleep duration within couples. After controlling for the effects of contextual covariates, partner influence on individual sleep duration was more apparent in men's sleep. When a female's sleep duration was longer or shorter than usual, their male partner's sleep duration was also longer or shorter than usual, respectively. However, a female's sleep was not significantly predicted by her male partner's sleep duration after taking into account the effects of her sleep on the male partner's sleep and contextual covariates. Sleep quality covaried on average across days between partners, and this association did not differ by gender. Conclusions Our results demonstrate positive covariation in sleep duration and sleep quality within couples. Couples' sleep duration covaried night-to-night, and their sleep quality covaried on average across days. A male's sleep duration is predicted by the female partner's sleep duration but not vice versa. Future research should examine health consequences of couple sleep covariation. %B Sleep Health %P - %G eng %U https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352721817302206 %R https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.10.009 %0 Journal Article %J Community, Work & Family %D 2017 %T Partners’ overwork and individuals’ wellbeing and experienced relationship quality %A Shafer, Emily F %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Berkman, Lisa F %X ABSTRACTIn this paper, using high quality data from the Work, Family, and Health Network in a sample of IT workers in the US (N = 590), we examine whether partners’ long work hours are associated with individuals’ perceived stress, time adequacy with partner, and relationship quality, and whether these relationships vary by gender. In addition, following the marital stress model, we investigate whether any negative correlation between partners’ long work hours and relationship quality is mediated by time adequacy or perceived stress. We find that women partnered to men who work long hours (50 or more hours per week) have significantly higher perceived stress and significantly lower time adequacy and relationship quality compared to women partnered to men who work a standard full-time work week (35–49 hours). Further, the increased stress associated with being partnered to a man who overworks, not lower time adequacy, mediates the negative relationship between overwork and relationship quality. Conversely, we find that men partnered to women who work long hours report no differences in stress, time adequacy, or relationship quality than men who are partnered to women who work a standard full-time work week. %B Community, Work & Family %P 1-19 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2017.1311839 %R 10.1080/13668803.2017.1311839 %0 Journal Article %J Annals of Behavioral Medicine %D 2017 %T Bidirectional, Temporal Associations of Sleep with Positive Events, Affect, and Stressors in Daily Life Across a Week %A Sin, Nancy L %A Almeida, David M %A Crain, Tori L %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X Sleep is intricately tied to emotional well-being, yet little is known about the reciprocal links between sleep and psychosocial experiences in the context of daily life. %B Annals of Behavioral Medicine %P 1–14 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9864-y %R 10.1007/s12160-016-9864-y %0 Journal Article %J Sleep Health %D 2016 %T Age differences in workplace intervention effects on employees' nighttime and daytime sleep %A Lee, Soomi %A Almeida, David M %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Olson, Ryan %A Moen, Phyllis %A Buxton, Orfeu M %K Day-to-day variability in sleep %X To examine the effects of a workplace flexibility/support intervention on employees' sleep quantity and quality during nights and days and whether the effects differ by employee age. Cluster-randomized controlled trial. Information technology industry workplaces. US employees (Mage=46.9years) at an information technology firm who provided actigraphy at baseline and a 12-month follow-up (N=396; n=195 interventio %B Sleep Health %V 2 %P 289 - 296 %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235272181630078X %N 4 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.08.004 %0 Journal Article %J Social Problems %D 2016 %T Can a Flexibility/Support Initiative Reduce Turnover Intentions and Exits? Results from the Work, Family, and Health Network %A Moen, Phyllis %A Lee, Shi-Rong %A Oakes, J. Michael %A Fan, Wen %A Bray, Jeremy W %A Almeida, David M %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Hurtado, David A %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

We draw on panel data from a randomized field experiment to assess the effects of a flexibility/supervisor support initiative called STAR on turnover intentions and voluntary turnover among professional technical workers in a large firm. An unanticipated exogenous shock—the announcement of an impending merger—occurred in the middle of data collection. Both organizational changes reflect an emerging employment contract characterized by increasing employee temporal flexibility even as employers wield greater flexibility in reorganizing their workforces. We theorized STAR would reduce turnover intentions and actual turnover by making it more attractive to stay with the current employer. We found being in a STAR team (versus a usual practice team) lowered turnover intentions 12 months later and reduced the risk of voluntary turnover over almost three years. We also examined potential mechanisms accounting for the effects of these two organizational changes; STAR effects on reducing turnover intentions are partially mediated by reducing work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, burnout, psychological distress, perceived stress, and increasing job satisfaction. The effect of learning about the merger on increasing turnover intentions is fully mediated by increased job insecurity. STAR also moderates the negative effects of learning about the merger on turnover intentions for different subgroups. Findings provide insights into the effectiveness of an organizational intervention, the dynamics of organizations, and how competing logics of two organizational changes affect employees’ labor market expectations and behavior.

%B Social Problems %I The Oxford University Press %8 29 Dec, 2016 %G eng %U http://socpro.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/12/28/socpro.spw033 %R 10.1093/socpro/spw033 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Sleep Research %D 2016 %T Daily antecedents and consequences of nightly sleep %A Lee, Soomi %A Crain, Tori L %A McHale, Susan M %A Almeida, David M %A Buxton, Orfeu M %K daily stressors %K Family %K health behaviors %K sleep parameters %K temporal directionality %K work–family conflict %X

Sleep can serve as both cause and consequence of individuals’ everyday experiences. We built upon prior studies of the correlates of sleep, which have relied primarily on cross-sectional data, to examine the antecedents and consequences of sleep using a daily diary design. Specifically, we assessed the temporal sequence between nightly sleep and daily psychosocial stressors. Parents employed in a US information technology company (n = 102) completed eight consecutive daily diaries at both baseline and 1 year later. In telephone interviews each evening, participants reported on the previous night's sleep hours, sleep quality and sleep latency. They also reported daily work-to-family conflict and time inadequacy (i.e. perceptions of not having enough time) for their child and for themselves to engage in exercise. Multi-level models testing lagged and non-lagged effects simultaneously revealed that sleep hours and sleep quality were associated with next-day consequences of work-to-family conflict and time inadequacy, whereas psychosocial stressors as antecedents did not predict sleep hours or quality that night. For sleep latency, the opposite temporal order emerged: on days with more work-to-family conflict or time inadequacy for child and self than usual, participants reported longer sleep latencies than usual. An exception to this otherwise consistent pattern was that time inadequacy for child also preceded shorter sleep hours and poorer sleep quality that night. The results highlight the utility of a daily diary design for capturing the temporal sequences linking sleep and psychosocial stressors.

%B Journal of Sleep Research %8 23 Dec, 2016 %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12488 %R 10.1111/jsr.12488 %0 Journal Article %J Sleep Health %D 2016 %T The effects of a cluster randomized controlled workplace intervention on sleep and work-family conflict outcomes in an extended care setting %A Marino, Miguel %A Marie Killerby %A Lee, Soomi %A Klein, Laura C %A Moen, Phyllis %A Olson, Ryan %A Kossek, Ellen E %A King, Rosiland B %A Leslie Erickson %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X AbstractObjectives To evaluate the effects of a workplace-based intervention on actigraphic and self-reported sleep outcomes in an extended-care setting. Design Cluster randomized trial. Setting Extended-care (nursing) facilities. Participants \US\ employees and managers at nursing homes. Nursing homes were randomly selected to intervention or control settings. Intervention The Work, Family, and Health Study developed an intervention aimed at reducing work-family conflict within a 4-month work-family organizational change process. Employees participated in interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role-playing, and games designed to increase control over work processes and work time. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision. Measurements Primary actigraphic outcomes included total sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, nighttime sleep, variation in nighttime sleep, nap duration, and number of naps. Secondary survey outcomes included work-to-family conflict, sleep insufficiency, insomnia symptoms, and sleep quality. Measures were obtained at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months postintervention. Results A total of 1522 employees and 184 managers provided survey data at baseline. Managers and employees in the intervention arm showed no significant difference in sleep outcomes over time compared with control participants. Sleep outcomes were not moderated by work-to-family conflict or presence of children in the household for managers or employees. Age significantly moderated an intervention effect on nighttime sleep among employees (P = .040), where younger employees benefited more from the intervention. Conclusion In the context of an extended-care nursing home workplace, the intervention did not significantly alter sleep outcomes in either managers or employees. Moderating effects of age were identified where younger employees' sleep outcomes benefited more from the intervention. %B Sleep Health %P - %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352721816300821 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2016.09.002 %0 Book Section %B Beyond the Cubicle: Job Insecurity, Intimacy, and the Flexible Self %D 2016 %T Boomer and Gen X Managers and Employees at Risk: Evidence from the Work, Family and Health Network Study %A Lam, Jack %A Moen, Phyllis %A Lee, Shi-Rong %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

How does the insecurity of work affect us? We know what job insecurity does to workers at work, the depressive effect it has on morale, productivity, and pay. We know less about the impact of job insecurity beyond the workplace, upon people's intimate relationships, their community life, their vision of the good self and a good life. This volume of essays explores the broader impacts of job precariousness on different groups in different contexts. From unemployed tech workers in Texas to single mothers in Russia, Japanese heirs to the iconic salaryman to relocating couples in the U.S. Midwest, these richly textured accounts depict the pain, defiance, and joy of charting a new, unscripted life when the scripts have been shredded. 

Across varied backgrounds and experiences, the new organization of work has its largest impact in three areas: in our emotional cultures, in the interplay of social inequalities like race, class and gender, and in the ascendance of a contemporary radical individualism. In Beyond the Cubicle, job insecurity matters, and it matters for more than how much work can be squeezed out of workers: it shapes their intimate lives, their relationships with others, and their shifting sense of self. Much more than mere numbers and figures, these essays offer a unique and holistic vision of the true impact of job insecurity.

 

%B Beyond the Cubicle: Job Insecurity, Intimacy, and the Flexible Self %I Oxford University Press %C New York %P 51-73 %8 2016 %G eng %U https://global.oup.com/academic/product/beyond-the-cubicle-9780199957781?cc=us&lang=en& %0 Journal Article %J Sleep %D 2016 %T Work-Family Conflict and Employee Sleep: Evidence from IT Workers in the Work, Family and Health Study. %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Lee, Soomi %A Beverly, Chloe %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Moen, Phyllis %A Kelly, Erin L %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Almeida, David M %X STUDY OBJECTIVES: Work-family conflict is a threat to healthy sleep behaviors among employees. This study aimed to examine how Work-to-Family Conflict (demands from work that interfere with one's family/ personal life; WTFC) and Family-to-Work Conflict (demands from family/ personal life that interfere with work; FTWC) are associated with several dimensions of sleep among information technology workers. METHODS: Employees at a U.S. IT firm (N=799) provided self-reports of sleep sufficiency (feeling rested upon waking), sleep quality, and sleep maintenance insomnia symptoms (waking up in the middle of the night or early morning) in the last month. They also provided a week of actigraphy for nighttime sleep duration, napping, sleep timing, and a novel sleep inconsistency measure. Analyses adjusted for work conditions (job demands, decision authority, schedule control, and family-supportive supervisor behavior), and household and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: Employees who experienced higher WTFC reported less sleep sufficiency, poorer sleep quality, and more insomnia symptoms. Higher WTFC also predicted shorter nighttime sleep duration, greater likelihood of napping, and longer nap duration. Furthermore, higher WTFC was linked to greater inconsistency of nighttime sleep duration and sleep clock times, whereas higher FTWC was associated with more rigidity of sleep timing mostly driven by wake time. CONCLUSION: Results highlight the unique associations of WTFC/ FTWC with employee sleep independent of other work conditions and household and sociodemographic characteristics. Our novel methodological approach demonstrates differential associations of WTFC and FTWC with inconsistency of sleep timing. Given the strong associations between WTFC and poor sleep, future research should focus on reducing WTFC. %B Sleep %8 2016 Aug 19 %G ENG %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27568810?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Health Psychology %D 2016 %T Daily Stressor Reactivity During Adolescence: The Buffering Role of Parental Warmth %A Lippold, Melissa A %A Davis, Kelly D %A McHale, Susan M %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Almeida, David M %X

Objective: This study examined youth stressor reactivity in the form of links between daily stressors and adolescents’ negative affect, physical health symptoms, and cortisol patterns. We also tested whether youth gender and parental warmth moderated these linkages. Method: Participants were the children of employees in the information technology division of a large company (N = 132, mean age = 13.39 years, 55% female). Youth completed daily diary telephone interviews on 8 consecutive evenings and provided saliva samples at 4 time points over 4 days to assess daily stressors and youth physiological and affective functioning. Parental warmth was assessed during in-home interviews. Multilevel modeling was used to account for interdependencies in the data. Results: Youth who experienced more daily stressors, on average, reported more negative affect and physical health symptoms, on average. Furthermore, on days youth reported more stressors than usual (compared to their own across-day average), they also exhibited more physical health symptoms, reduced evening cortisol decline (e.g., flatter slopes), higher bedtime cortisol, and more negative affect. Girls had stronger within-person linkages between daily stressors and daily negative affect than boys. Parental warmth moderated these within-person linkages: Youth who experienced more parental warmth had lower negative affect and steeper cortisol decline than usual on less stressful days. However, youth who experienced less parental warmth had higher negative affect and their cortisol levels declined less, even on days with lower-than-usual stress. Conclusions: Daily stressors are associated with youth’s affective and physiological functioning, but parental warmth can support youth’s stress recovery. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

%B Health Psychology %I American Psychological Association %C US %@ 1930-7810(Electronic);0278-6133(Print) %G eng %U http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2016-23655-001/ %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health %D 2016 %T Effects on cigarette consumption of a work–family supportive organisational intervention: 6-month results from the work, family and health network study %A Hurtado, David A %A Okechukwu, Cassandra A %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Hanson, Ginger C %A Moen, Phyllis %A Klein, Laura C %A Berkman, Lisa F %X Background Observational studies have linked work–family issues with cigarette consumption. This study examined the 6-month effects on cigarette consumption of a work–family supportive organisational intervention among nursing home workers.Methods Group randomised controlled trial where 30 nursing homes across New England states were randomly assigned to either usual practice or to a 4-month intervention aimed at reducing work–family conflict via increased schedule control and family supportive supervisory behaviours (FSSB). Cigarette consumption was based on self-reported number of cigarettes per week, measured at the individual level.Results A total of 1524 direct-care workers were enrolled in the trial. Cigarette consumption was prevalent in 30% of the sample, consuming an average of 77 cigarettes/week. Smokers at intervention sites reduced cigarette consumption by 7.12 cigarettes, while no reduction was observed among smokers at usual practice sites (b=−7.12, 95% CI −13.83 to −0.40, p<0.05) (d=−0.15). The majority of smokers were US-born White nursing assistants, and among this subgroup, the reduction in cigarette consumption was stronger (b=−12.77, 95% CI −22.31 to −3.22, p<0.05) (d=−0.27). Although the intervention prevented a decline in FSSB (d=0.08), effects on cigarette consumption were not mediated by FSSB.Conclusions Cigarette consumption was reduced among smokers at organisations where a work–family supportive intervention was implemented. This effect, however, was not explained by specific targets of the intervention, but other psychosocial pathways related to the work–family interface.Trial registration number NCT02050204; results. %B Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health %G eng %U http://jech.bmj.com/content/early/2016/05/25/jech-2015-206953.abstract %R 10.1136/jech-2015-206953 %0 Journal Article %J American Sociological Review %D 2016 %T Does a Flexibility/Support Organizational Initiative Improve High-Tech Employees’ Well-Being? Evidence from the Work, Family, and Health Network %A Moen, Phyllis %A Kelly, Erin L %A Lee, Shi-Rong %A Almeida, David M %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

This study tests a central theoretical assumption of stress process and job strain models, namely that increases in employees’ control and support at work should promote well-being. To do so, we use a group-randomized field trial with longitudinal data from 867 information technology (IT) workers to investigate the well-being effects of STAR, an organizational intervention designed to promote greater employee control over work time and greater supervisor support for workers’ personal lives. We also offer a unique analysis of an unexpected field effect—a company merger—among workers surveyed earlier versus later in the study period, before or after the merger announcement. We find few STAR effects for the latter group, but over 12 months, STAR reduced burnout, perceived stress, and psychological distress, and increased job satisfaction, for the early survey group. STAR effects are partially mediated by increases in schedule control and declines in family-to-work conflict and burnout (an outcome and mediator) by six months. Moderating effects show that STAR benefits women in reducing psychological distress and perceived stress, and increases non-supervisory employees’ job satisfaction. This study demonstrates, with a rigorous design, that organizational-level initiatives can promote employee well-being.

%B American Sociological Review %V 81 %P 134-164 %G eng %U http://asr.sagepub.com/content/81/1/134.abstract %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Survey Practice %D 2015 %T Implementation Strategies for Workplace Data Collection: A Case Study %A Leslie Erickson %A Frank Mierzwa %A With, Sarah K %A Karuntzos, Georgia T %A Fox, Kimberly %A McHale, Susan M %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

In this paper, we describe the methods used for the successful implementation of a longitudinal survey in a workplace setting. Data for the Work, Family & Health Study (WFHS) were collected at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months post-baseline, and consisted of computer-assisted interviews, basic health measures, dried blood spot collection, and collection of sleep data via an actigraph watch. Data collection in the workplace presents unique logistical and operational challenges. Based on our experience, we discuss these challenges and offer key suggestions for successfully planning and implementing in-person data collection in a workplace setting.

%B Survey Practice %V 8 %G eng %U http://www.surveypractice.org/index.php/SurveyPractice/article/view/295/html_39 %N 5 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Applied Psychology %D 2015 %T Intervention Effects on Safety Compliance and Citizenship Behaviors: Evidence From the Work, Family, and Health Study %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Johnson, Ryan C %A Crain, Tori L %A Bodner, Todd %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Davis, Kelly D %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Karuntzos, Georgia T %A Chosewood, Casey L %A Berkman, Lisa F %X

We tested the effects of a work–family intervention on employee reports of safety compliance and organizational citizenship behaviors in 30 health care facilities using a group-randomized trial. Based on conservation of resources theory and the work–home resources model, we hypothesized that implementing a work–family intervention aimed at increasing contextual resources via supervisor support for work and family, and employee control over work time, would lead to improved personal resources and increased employee performance on the job in the form of self-reported safety compliance and organizational citizenship behaviors. Multilevel analyses used survey data from 1,524 employees at baseline and at 6-month and 12-month postintervention follow-ups. Significant intervention effects were observed for safety compliance at the 6-month, and organizational citizenship behaviors at the 12-month, follow-ups. More specifically, results demonstrate that the intervention protected against declines in employee self-reported safety compliance and organizational citizenship behaviors compared with employees in the control facilities. The hypothesized mediators of perceptions of family-supportive supervisor behaviors, control over work time, and work–family conflict (work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict) were not significantly improved by the intervention. However, baseline perceptions of family-supportive supervisor behaviors, control over work time, and work–family climate were significant moderators of the intervention effect on the self-reported safety compliance and organizational citizenship behavior outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)

%B Journal of Applied Psychology %G eng %U http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2015-40868-001/ %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Adolescent Health %D 2015 %T Effects of a Workplace Intervention on Sleep in Employees' Children %A McHale, Susan M %A Lawson, Katie M %A Davis, Kelly D %A Lynne M. Casper %A Kelly, Erin L %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Purpose
The implications of sleep patterns for adolescent health are well established, but we know less about larger contextual influences on youth sleep. We focused on parents' workplace experiences as extrafamilial forces that may affect youth sleep.
Methods
In a group-randomized trial focused on employee work groups in the information technology division of a Fortune 500 company, we tested whether a workplace intervention improved sleep latency, duration, night-to-night variability in duration, and quality of sleep of employees' offspring, aged 9–17 years. The intervention was aimed at promoting employees' schedule control and supervisor support for personal and family life to decrease employees' work–family conflict and thereby promote the health of employees, their families, and the work organization. Analyses focused on 93 parent–adolescent dyads (57 dyads in the intervention and 46 in the comparison group) that completed baseline and 12-month follow-up home interviews and a series of telephone diary interviews that were conducted on eight consecutive evenings at each wave.
Results
Intent-to-treat analyses of the diary interview data revealed main effects of the intervention on youth's sleep latency, night-to-night variability in sleep duration, and sleep quality, but not sleep duration.
Conclusions

The intervention focused on parents' work conditions, not on their parenting or parent–child relationships, attesting to the role of larger contextual influences on youth sleep and the importance of parents' work experiences in the health of their children.

%B Journal of Adolescent Health %V 56 %P 672–677 %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X15000725 %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Occupational Health Psychology %D 2015 %T Work–Family Conflict, Cardiometabolic Risk, and Sleep Duration in Nursing Employees %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Liu, Sze Yan %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Moen, Phyllis %A Klein, Laura C %A Kelly, Erin L %A Fay, Martha %A Davis, Kelly D %A Durham, Mary %A Karuntzos, Georgia T %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

We investigated associations of work–family conflict and work and family conditions with objectively measured cardiometabolic risk and sleep. Multilevel analyses assessed cross-sectional associations between employee and job characteristics and health in analyses of 1,524 employees in 30 extended-care facilities in a single company. We examined work and family conditions in relation to: (a) validated, cardiometabolic risk score based on measured blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, body mass index, and self-reported tobacco consumption and (b) wrist actigraphy–based sleep duration. In fully adjusted multilevel models, work-to-family conflict but not family-to-work conflict was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. Having a lower level occupation (nursing assistant vs. nurse) was associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, whereas being married and having younger children at home was protective. A significant Age × Work-to-Family Conflict interaction revealed that higher work-to-family conflict was more strongly associated with increased cardiometabolic risk in younger employees. High family-to-work conflict was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. Working long hours and having children at home were both independently associated with shorter sleep duration. High work-to-family conflict was associated with longer sleep duration. These results indicate that different dimensions of work–family conflict may pose threats to cardiometabolic health and sleep duration for employees. This study contributes to the research on work–family conflict, suggesting that work-to-family and family-to-work conflict are associated with specific health outcomes. Translating theory and findings to preventive interventions entails recognition of the dimensionality of work and family dynamics and the need to target specific work and family conditions.

%B Journal of Occupational Health Psychology %G eng %U http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039143 %0 Book Section %B Research in the Sociology of Work %D 2015 %T Is Work-family Conflict a Multilevel Stressor Linking Job Conditions to Mental Health? Evidence from the Work, Family and Health Network %A Moen, Phyllis %A Kaduk, Anne %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A O'Donnell, Emily M %A Almeida, David M %A Fox, Kimberly %A Tranby, Eric %A Oakes, J. Michael %A Lynne M. Casper %X

Purpose: Most research on the work conditions and family responsibilities associated with work-family conflict and other measures of mental health uses the individual employee as the unit of analysis. We argue that work conditions are both individual psychosocial assessments and objective characteristics of the proximal work environment, necessitating multilevel analyses of both individual- and team-level work conditions on mental health.
Methodology/approach: This study uses multilevel data on 748 high-tech professionals in 120 teams to investigate relationships between team- and individual-level job conditions, work-family conflict, and four mental health outcomes (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, perceived stress, and psychological distress).
Findings: We find that work-to-family conflict is socially patterned across teams, as are job satisfaction and emotional exhaustion. Team-level job conditions predict team-level outcomes, while individuals’ perceptions of their job conditions are better predictors of individuals’ work-to-family conflict and mental health. Work-to-family conflict operates as a partial mediator between job demands and mental health outcomes.
Practical implications: Our findings suggest that organizational leaders concerned about presenteeism, sickness absences, and productivity would do well to focus on changing job conditions in ways that reduce job demands and work-to-family conflict in order to promote employees’ mental health.
Originality/value of the chapter: We show that both work-to-family conflict and job conditions can be fruitfully framed as team characteristics, shared appraisals held in common by team members. This challenges the framing of work-to-family conflict as a “private trouble” and provides support for work-to-family conflict as a structural mismatch grounded in the social and temporal organization of work.

%B Research in the Sociology of Work %I Emerald Group Publishing Limited %C Bingley, West Yorkshire, England %V 26 %P pp.177 - 217 %G eng %U http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/S0277-283320150000026014 %0 Journal Article %J Sleep Health %D 2015 %T A workplace intervention improves sleep: results from the randomized controlled Work, Family & Health Study %A Olson, Ryan %A Crain, Tori L %A Bodner, Todd %A King, Rosiland B %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Klein, Laura C %A Leslie Erickson %A Moen, Phyllis %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Study objectives: The Work, Family, and Health Network Study tested the hypothesis that a workplace intervention designed to increase family-supportive supervision and employee control over work time improves actigraphic measures of sleep quantity and quality.

Design: Cluster-randomized trial.

Setting: A global information technology firm.

Participants: US employees at an information technology firm.

Interventions: Randomly selected clusters of managers and employees participated in a 3-month, social, and organizational change process intended to reduce work-family conflict. The intervention included interactive sessions with facilitated discussions, role playing, and games. Managers completed training in family-supportive supervision.

Measurements and results: Primary outcomes of total sleep time (sleep duration) and wake after sleep onset (sleep quality) were collected from week-long actigraphy recordings at baseline and 12 months. Secondary outcomes included self-reported sleep insufficiency and insomnia symptoms. Twelve-month interviews were completed by 701 (93% retention), of whom 595 (85%) completed actigraphy. Restricting analyses to participants with ≥3 valid days of actigraphy yielded a sample of 473-474 for intervention effectiveness analyses. Actigraphy-measured sleep duration was 8 min/d greater among intervention employees relative to controls (P < .05). Sleep insufficiency was reduced among intervention employees (P = .002). Wake after sleep onset and insomnia symptoms were not different between groups. Path models indicated that increased control over work hours and subsequent reductions in work-family conflict mediated the improvement in sleep sufficiency.

Conclusions: The workplace intervention did not overtly address sleep, yet intervention employees slept 8 min/d more and reported greater sleep sufficiency. Interventions should address environmental and psychosocial causes of sleep deficiency, including workplace factors

%B Sleep Health %V 1 %P 55-65 %8 2015 %G eng %U http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352721814000047 %N 1 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Family Psychology %D 2014 %T Daily positive spillover and crossover from mothers’ work to youth health %A Lawson, Katie M %A Davis, Kelly D %A McHale, Susan M %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Prior research shows that employees’ work experiences can “spill over” into their family lives and “cross over” to affect family members. Expanding on studies that emphasize negative implications of work for family life, this study examined positive work-to-family spillover and positive and negative crossover between mothers and their children. Participants were 174 mothers in the extended care (nursing home) industry and their children (ages 9–17), both of whom completed daily diaries on the same 8 consecutive evenings. On each workday, mothers reported whether they had a positive experience at work, youth reported on their mothers’ positive and negative mood after work, and youth rated their own mental (positive and negative affect) and physical health (physical health symptoms, sleep quality, sleep duration). Results of 2-level models showed that mothers’ positive mood after work, on average, was directly related to youth reports of more positive affect, better sleep quality, and longer sleep duration. In addition, mothers with more positive work experiences, on average, displayed less negative mood after work, and in turn, adolescents reported less negative affect and fewer physical health symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of daily family system dynamics.

%B Journal of Family Psychology %V 28 %P 897-907 %8 2014 %G eng %U http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2014-38833-001/ %N 6 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Applied Gerontology %D 2014 %T Schedule Control and Nursing Home Quality; Exploratory Evidence of a Psychosocial Predictor of Resident Care %A Hurtado, David A %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Okechukwu, Cassandra A %X

Aim: To examine whether nursing homes’ quality of care was predicted by schedule control (workers’ ability to decide work hours), independently of other staffing characteristics. Method: Prospective ecological study of 30 nursing homes in New England. Schedule control was self-reported via survey in 2011-2012 (N = 1,045). Quality measures included the prevalence of decline in activities of daily living, residents’ weight loss, and pressure ulcers, indicators systematically linked with staffing characteristics. Outcomes data for 2012 were retrieved from Medicare.gov. Results: Robust Linear Regressions showed that higher schedule control predicted lower prevalence of pressure ulcers (β = −0.51, p < .05). This association was independent of staff mix, staffing ratios, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Conclusion: Higher schedule control might enhance the planning and delivery of strategies to prevent or cure pressure ulcers. Further research is needed to identify potential causal mechanisms by which schedule control could improve quality of care.

%B Journal of Applied Gerontology %G eng %U http://jag.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/08/08/0733464814546895.full.pdf+html %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Occupational Health Psychology %D 2014 %T Work–family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep outcomes. %A Crain, Tori L %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Bodner, Todd %A Kossek, Ellen E %A Moen, Phyllis %A Lilienthal, Richard %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Although critical to health and well-being, relatively little research has been conducted in the organizational literature on linkages between the work–family interface and sleep. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we use a sample of 623 information technology workers to examine the relationships between work–family conflict, family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep quality and quantity. Validated wrist actigraphy methods were used to collect objective sleep quality and quantity data over a 1 week period of time, and survey methods were used to collect information on self-reported work–family conflict, FSSB, and sleep quality and quantity. Results demonstrated that the combination of predictors (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, FSSB) was significantly related to both objective and self-report measures of sleep quantity and quality. Future research should further examine the work–family interface to sleep link and make use of interventions targeting the work–family interface as a means for improving sleep health.

%B Journal of Occupational Health Psychology %V 19 %P 155-167 %G eng %U http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/ocp/19/2/155/ %N 2 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE %D 2014 %T Dried blood spot collection of health biomarkers to maximize participation in population studies %A M Ostler %A J Porter %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Biomarkers are directly-measured biological indicators of disease or health. In population and social sciences, biomarkers need to be easy to obtain, transport, and analyze. Dried Blood Spot (DBS) collection meets this need, can be collected in the field with high response rates and analyzed for a variety of biomarkers.

%B Journal of visualized experiments: JoVE %V 83 %G eng %U http://www.jove.com/video/50973/dried-blood-spot-collection-health-biomarkers-to-maximize %0 Book Section %B New frontiers in work and family research %D 2013 %T Biomarkers in Work and Family Research %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Klein, Laura C %A Whinnery, J %A Williams, S %A MCDADE, Thomas W %B New frontiers in work and family research %I Psychology Press LTD %C East Sussex, UK %P 170-190 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J SLEEP %D 2013 %T Measuring Sleep: Accuracy, Sensitivity, and Specificity of Wrist Actigraphy Compared to Polysomnography %A Marino, Miguel %A Li, Yi %A Rueschman, Michael %A Winkelman, JW %A Ellenbogen, JM %A Solet, JM %A Dulin, Hilary %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %X

Objectives: We validated actigraphy for detecting sleep and wakefulness versus polysomnography (PSG).

Design: Actigraphy and polysomnography were simultaneously collected during sleep laboratory admissions. All studies involved 8.5 h time in bed, except for sleep restriction studies. Epochs (30-sec; n = 232,849) were characterized for sensitivity (actigraphy = sleep when PSG = sleep), specificity (actigraphy = wake when PSG = wake), and accuracy (total proportion correct); the amount of wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) was also assessed. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model included age, gender, insomnia diagnosis, and daytime/nighttime sleep timing factors.

Setting: Controlled sleep laboratory conditions.

Participants: Young and older adults, healthy or chronic primary insomniac (PI) patients, and daytime sleep of 23 night-workers (n = 77, age 35.0 ± 12.5, 30F, mean nights = 3.2).

Interventions: N/A.

Measurements and Results: Overall, sensitivity (0.965) and accuracy (0.863) were high, whereas specificity (0.329) was low; each was only slightly modified by gender, insomnia, day/night sleep timing (magnitude of change < 0.04). Increasing age slightly reduced specificity. Mean WASO/night was 49.1 min by PSG compared to 36.8 min/night by actigraphy (β = 0.81; CI = 0.42, 1.21), unbiased when WASO < 30 min/night, and overestimated when WASO > 30 min/night.

Conclusions: This validation quantifies strengths and weaknesses of actigraphy as a tool measuring sleep in clinical and population studies. Overall, the participant-specific accuracy is relatively high, and for most participants, above 80%. We validate this finding across multiple nights and a variety of adults across much of the young to midlife years, in both men and women, in those with and without insomnia, and in 77 participants. We conclude that actigraphy is overall a useful and valid means for estimating total sleep time and wakefulness after sleep onset in field and workplace studies, with some limitations in specificity.

Citation: Marino M; Li Y; Rueschman MN; Winkelman JW; Ellenbogen JM; Solet JM; Dulin H; Berkman LF; Buxton OM. Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography. SLEEP 2013;36(11):1747-1755.

%B SLEEP %V 36 %P 1747-1755 %G eng %U http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=29184 %N 11 %0 Journal Article %J RTI Press %D 2013 %T An integrative, multilevel, and transdisciplinary research approach to challenges of work, family, and health %A Bray, Jeremy W %A Kelly, Erin L %A Hammer, Leslie B %A Almeida, David M %A Dearing, JW %A King, Rosiland B %A Buxton, Orfeu M %B RTI Press %V March %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine %D 2012 %T

Author's Response

%A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Okechukwu, Cassandra A %B Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine %V 54 %P 1322-3 %G eng %U http://journals.lww.com/joem/toc/2012/11000 %N 11 %0 Journal Article %J Int Nurs Rev %D 2012 %T Racial disparities in job strain among American and immigrant long-term care workers. %A Hurtado, David A %A Sabbath, Erika L %A Ertel, Karen A %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Berkman, Lisa F %K Adult %K Africa %K African Americans %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Emigrants and Immigrants %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Health Status Disparities %K Humans %K Long-Term Care %K Male %K Massachusetts %K Nurses' Aides %K Nursing Homes %K Nursing Staff %K Nursing, Practical %K Occupational Diseases %K Regression Analysis %K Stress, Psychological %K West Indies %X

BACKGROUND: Nursing homes are occupational settings, with an increasing minority and immigrant workforce where several psychosocial stressors intersect. AIM: This study aimed to examine racial/ethnic differences in job strain between Black (n = 127) and White (n = 110) immigrant and American direct-care workers at nursing homes (total n = 237). METHODS: Cross-sectional study with data collected at four nursing homes in Massachusetts during 2006-2007. We contrasted Black and White workers within higher-skilled occupations such as registered nurses or licensed practical nurses (n = 82) and lower-skilled staff such as certified nursing assistants (CNAs, n = 155). RESULTS: Almost all Black workers (96%) were immigrants. After adjusting for demographic and occupational characteristics, Black employees were more likely to report job strain, compared with Whites [relative risk (RR): 2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 6.6]. Analyses stratified by occupation showed that Black CNAs were more likely to report job strain, compared with White CNAs (RR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.0 to 9.4). Black workers were also more likely to report low control (RR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1 to 4.0). Additionally, Black workers earned $2.58 less per hour and worked 7.1 more hours per week on average, controlling for potential confounders. CONCLUSION: Black immigrant workers were 2.9 times more likely to report job strain than White workers, with greater differences among CNAs. These findings may reflect differential organizational or individual characteristics but also interpersonal or institutional racial/ethnic discrimination. Further research should consider the role of race/ethnicity in shaping patterns of occupational stress.

%B Int Nurs Rev %V 59 %P 237-44 %8 2012 Jun %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22591096?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00948.x %0 Journal Article %J Sleep %D 2011 %T Socioeconomic status, occupational characteristics, and sleep duration in African/Caribbean immigrants and US White health care workers. %A Ertel, Karen A %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %K Actigraphy %K Adult %K African Americans %K Analysis of Variance %K Caribbean Region %K Chi-Square Distribution %K Cross-Sectional Studies %K Emigrants and Immigrants %K European Continental Ancestry Group %K Female %K Health Occupations %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Male %K Massachusetts %K Occupations %K Sleep %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Time Factors %X STUDY OBJECTIVES: o advance our understanding of the interplay of socioeconomic factors, occupational exposures, and race/ethnicity as they relate to sleep duration. We hypothesize that non Hispanic African/Caribbean immigrant employees in long term health care have shorter sleep duration than non Hispanic white employees, and that low education, low income, and occupational exposures including night work and job strain account for some of the African/Caribbean immigrant-white difference in sleep duration. DESIGN: Cross sectional SETTING: Four extended care facilities in Massachusetts, United States PARTICIPANTS: 340 employees in extended care facilities MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Sleep duration was assessed with wrist actigraphy for a mean of 6.3 days. In multivariable regression modeling controlling for gender and age, African/Caribbean immigrants slept 64.4 fewer minutes (95% CI: -81.0, -47.9) per night than white participants; additional control for education and income reduced the racial gap to 50.9 minutes (-69.2, -32.5); additional control for the occupational factors of hours worked per week and working the night shift reduced the racial gap to 37.7 minutes (-57.8, -17.6). CONCLUSIONS: his study provides support for the hypothesis that socioeconomic and occupational characteristics explain some of the African/ Caribbean immigrant-white difference in sleep duration in the United States, especially among health care workers. %B Sleep %V 34 %P 509-18 %8 2011 Apr %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461330?dopt=Abstract %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Occup Health Psychology %D 2010 %T Manager’s practices related to work-family balance predict employee cardiovascular risk and sleep duration in extended care settings %A Berkman, Lisa F %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Ertel, Karen A %A Okechukwu, Cassandra A %B Journal of Occup Health Psychology %V 15 %P 316–329 %G eng %N 3 %0 Journal Article %J Clinical Chemistry %D 2009 %T Changes in dried blood spot Hb A1c with varied postcollection conditions %A Buxton, Orfeu M %A Malarick, K %A Wang, W. %A Seeman, T. %B Clinical Chemistry %V 55 %P 1034-6 %8 19 March 2009 %G eng %U http://www.clinchem.org/content/55/5/1034 %N 5