@article {Williams2017,
	title = {Psychosocial Workplace Factors and Healthcare Utilization: A Study of Two Employers},
	journal = {International Journal of Health Policy and Management},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {{\textendash}},
	abstract = {Background While a large literature links psychosocial workplace factors with health and health behaviors, there is very\&nbsp;little work connecting psychosocial workplace factors to healthcare utilization. \&nbsp; Methods Survey data were collected from two different employers using computer-assisted telephone interviewing as a\&nbsp;part of the Work-Family Health Network (2008-2013): one in the information technology (IT) service industry and one\&nbsp;that is responsible for a network of long-term care (LTC) facilities. Participants were surveyed four times at six month\&nbsp;intervals. Responses in each wave were used to predict utilization in the following wave. Four utilization measures were\&nbsp;outcomes: having at least one emergency room (ER)/Urgent care, having at least one other healthcare visit, number of\&nbsp;ER/urgent care visits, and number of other healthcare visits. Population-averaged models using all four waves controlled\&nbsp;for health and other factors associated with utilization. \&nbsp; Results Having above median job demands was positively related to the odds of at least one healthcare visit, odds ratio\&nbsp;[OR] 1.37 (P \&lt; .01), and the number of healthcare visits, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.36 (P \&lt; .05), in the LTC sample.\&nbsp;Work-to-family conflict was positively associated with the odds of at least one ER/urgent care visit in the LTC sample,\&nbsp;OR 1.15 (P \&lt; .05), at least one healthcare visit in the IT sample, OR 1.35 (P \&lt; .01), and with more visits in the IT sample,\&nbsp;IRR 1.35 (P \&lt; .01). Greater schedule control was associated with reductions in the number of ER/urgent care visits, IRR\&nbsp;0.71 (P \&lt; .05), in the IT sample. \&nbsp; Conclusion Controlling for other factors, some psychosocial workplace factors were associated with future healthcare\&nbsp;utilization. Additional research is needed.},
	issn = {2322-5939},
	url = {http://www.ijhpm.com/article_3442.html},
	author = {Williams, Jessica A and Buxton, Orfeu M and Hinde, Jesse M and Bray, Jeremy W and Berkman, Lisa F}
}
